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-
- INTERNET-DRAFT Internet Engineering Steering Group
- March 1993
-
- Applicability Statement for the Implementation of
- Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR)
-
- Abstract
- --------
-
- Status of this Memo
-
- This document is an Internet Draft. Internet Drafts are working
- documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its Areas,
- and its Working Groups. Note that other groups may also distribute
- working documents as Internet Drafts.
-
- Internet Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six
- months. Internet Drafts may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by
- other documents at any time. It is not appropriate to use Internet
- Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as a
- "working draft" or "work in progress."
-
- Please check the 1id-abstracts.txt listing contained in the
- internet-drafts Shadow Directories on nic.ddn.mil, nnsc.nsf.net,
- nic.nordu.net, ftp.nisc.sri.com, or munnari.oz.au to learn the
- current status of any Internet Draft.
-
- This memo is an draft IESG standards track Applicability Statement for
- the Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for
- improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Official
- Internet Protocol Standards" for the standardization state and status
- of this specification. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
-
-
- 1 Introduction
-
- As the Internet has evolved and grown in recent years, it has become
- clear that it will soon face several serious scaling problems. These
- include:
-
- - Exhaustion of the class-B network address space. One
- fundamental cause of this problem is the lack of a network
- class of a size that is appropriate for a mid-sized
- organization. Class-C, with a maximum of 254 host addresses, is
- too small, while class-B, which allows up to 65534 addresses,
- is too large to be densely populated. The result is inefficient
- utilization of class-B network numbers.
-
- - Routing information overload. The size and rate of growth of the
- routing tables in Internet routers is beyond the ability of current
- software (and people) to effectively manage.
-
- - Eventual exhaustion of IP network numbers.
-
- It has become clear that the first two of these problems are likely
- to become critical in the near term. Classless
- Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) attempts to deal with these problems by
- defining a mechanism to slow the growth of routing tables and reduce
- the need to allocate new IP network numbers. It does not attempt to
- solve the third problem, which is of a more long-term nature, but
- instead endeavors to ease enough of the short to mid-term
- difficulties to allow the Internet to continue to function
- efficiently while progress is made on a longer-term solution.
-
- The IESG, after a thorough discussion in the IETF, in June 1992
- selected CIDR as the solution for the short term routing table
- explosion problem [1].
-
-
- 2 Components of the Architecture
-
- The CIDR architecture is described in the following documents:
-
- - "An Architecture for IP Address Allocation with CIDR" [2]
-
- - "Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR): An Address Assignment
- and Aggregation Strategy" [3]
-
- The first of these documents presents the overall architecture of CIDR;
- the second describes the specific address allocation scheme to be used.
-
- In addition to these two documents, "Guidelines for Management of IP
- Address Space" [4] provides specific recommendations for assigning IP
- addresses that are consistent with [2] and [3], and "Schedule for Address
- Space Management Guidelines" [5] describes the timetable for deploying
- [4] in the Internet. Both [4] and [5] should be viewed as supporting,
- rather than defining, documents.
-
- In addition to the documents mentioned above, CIDR requires that
- inter-domain routing protocols be capable of handling reachability
- information that is expressed solely in terms of IP address prefixes.
- While several inter-domain routing protocols are capable of
- supporting such functionality, this Applicability Statement does not
- mandate the use of a particular one. The inter-domain protocols which
- meets this requirement is:
-
- Border Gateway Protocol version 4 [6]
- Inter-Domain Routing Protocol for IP [7]
-
- Inter-Domain routing protocols which do not meet these requirements
- are:
-
- Border Gateway Protocol version 3 [8]
- Exterior Gateway Protocol [9]
-
- While CIDR does not require intra-domain routing protocols to also be
- CIDR capable, it highly recommends that intra-domain routing protocols
-
- Although CIDR does not require that intra-domain routing protocols, as
- well as inter-domain routing protocols, be capable of supporting CIDR,
- the benefits of implementing CIDR will be greater if this is the case.
- If this is not done, then the CIDR route aggregation will need to be
- undone inside of a routing domain. The CIDR capable intra-domain
- routing protocols are:
-
- Open Shortest Path Routing Protocol [10]
- Dual-ISIS [11]
- RIP Version 2 [12]
-
- The Intra-Domain routing protocol which is not CIDR capable is:
-
- RIP Version 1 [13]
-
-
- 3 Applicability of CIDR
-
- The CIDR architecture is applicable to any group of connected domains
- that supports IP version 4 [14] [15] [16]. CIDR does not require all
- of the domains in the Internet to be converted to use CIDR. On the
- contrary, it assumes that some of the existing domains in the Internet
- will never be able to convert. Despite this, CIDR will still provide
- connectivity to such places, although the optimality of routes to
- these places may be impacted.
-
- This Applicability Statement requires Internet domains providing
- backbone and/or transit service to fully implement CIDR in order to
- ensure that the growth of the resources required by routers to provide
- Internet-wide connectivity will be significantly slower than the
- growth of the number of assigned networks.
-
- This Applicability Statement strongly recommends that all
- non-backbone/transit Internet domains also implement CIDR because it
- will reduce the amount of routing information inside of these domains.
-
- Individual domains are free to choose whatever inter-domain and
- intra-domain routing architectures best meet their requirements.
- Specifically, this Applicability Statement does not prevent a domain
- or a group of domains from using addressing schemes which do not
- conform to CIDR. Subject to the available resources in routers, CIDR
- should be able to co-exist with other addressing schemes without
- adversely impacting overall connectivity.
-
-
- 3. SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS
-
- Security issues are not discussed in this memo.
-
-
- 4. CONTACT INFORMATION
-
- Robert M. Hinden
- Sun Microsystems
- 2550 Garcia Ave, MS MTV5-44
- Mt. View, CA 94043
-
- Phone: (415) 336-2082
- Fax: (415) 336-6015
-
- Email: hinden@eng.sun.com
-
- 5. REFERENCES
-
- [1] Gross, P., Almquist, P., "IESG Deliberations on Routing and
- Addressing", RFC1380, November 1992
-
- [2] Rekhter, Y., Li, T., "An Architecture for IP Address Allocation
- with CIDR" (currently an internet-draft)
-
- [3] Fuller, V., Li, T., Yu, J., and Varadhan, K., "Classless Inter-
- Domain Routing (CIDR): An Address Assignment and Aggregation
- Strategy" (revision of RFC 1338)
-
- [4] Gerich, E., "Guidelines for Management of IP Address Space",
- RFC1366, October 1992
-
- [5] Topolcic, C., "Schedule for address space management guidelines",
- RFC 1367, October 1992 (the IESG has expressed an interest in
- seeing this schedule revised to reflect the entire Internet; it is
- currently US-centric)
-
- [6] Rekhter, Y., Li, T., "A Border Gateway Protocol 4 (BGP-4)",
- IETF Working Paper.
-
- [7] Hares, S., "IDRP for IP", Internet Draft,
- <draft-hares-idrp-04.txt>
-
- [8] Lougheed, K., Rekhter, Y., "A Border Gateway Protocol 3
- (BGP-3)", RFC 1267, October 1991.
-
- [9] Rosen, E.C., "Exterior Gateway Protocol EGP", RFC 827, October
- 1992.
-
- [10] Moy, J., "OSPF Version 2", RFC 1247, Proteon, Inc., July
- 1991.
-
- [11] Callon, R. "Use of OSI IS-IS for Routing in TCP/IP and Dual
- Environments", RFC1195, December 1990.
-
- [12] Malkin, G. "RIP Version 2 Carrying Additional Information",
- RFC 1388, January 1993.
-
- [13] Hedrick, C. "Routing Information Protocol", RFC 1058, June
- 1988.
-
- [14] Postel, J.B. "Internet Protocol", RFC 791, September 1981.
-
- [15] Braden, R., Editor, "Requirements for Internet Hosts -- Communication
- Layers", IETF, STD 3, RFC 1122, October 1989.
-
- [16] Almquist, P., Editor, "Requirements for IP Routers", Work in
- Preparation, IETF.
-
-
-
-
-